RANGER HISTORY

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PRE WORLD WAR II

  • Colonel Benjamin Church (c. 1639 – January 17, 1718) commanded what are considered the first American Rangers. He was commissioned to form a company of Rangers after the outbreak of King Philip’s War and later served against the French during King William’s War and Queen Anne’s War.

    During Queen Anne’s War, Church undertook his fifth and final expedition into Acadia in response to the Deerfield Massacre on February 29, 1704, which was believed to have been conducted by Native forces allied with the French. In addition to killing many settlers, the Abenaki and their allies took more than 100 captives overland to Montreal and Mohawk villages south of the St. Lawrence River.

    On March 18, 1704, Church was commissioned as a colonel by Massachusetts Governor Joseph Dudley and placed in command of a force tasked with raiding French settlements in Acadia in retaliation for Deerfield. This expedition included the Raid on Castine (Maine), the Raid on St. Stephen (New Brunswick), the Raid on Grand-Pré, the Raid on Pisiguit (present-day Falmouth and Windsor), and the Raid on Chignecto.

    Church meticulously planned the expedition. He specified the design of the whaleboats to be used and even the type of hatchets his soldiers were to carry. He brought John Gyles, who had previously been held captive by the Maliseet, to serve as his translator. Church took prisoners during the campaign and later claimed to have left only five houses standing in parts of Acadia. During the Raid on Pisiguit (1704), he captured Noël Doiron, identified as a leader associated with the Deerfield raid.

    Although Church left no formal military doctrine, his memoirs provide considerable detail about his methods. Scholars have summarized his practices according to the following principles:

    1. Planning each operation in advance, leaving little to chance.

    2. Ensuring soldiers were properly trained, fed, and equipped.

    3. Building alliances with potential partners, including Native American tribes often overlooked or mistrusted by other commanders.

    4. Using stealth and surprise to tactical advantage.

    5. Understanding how tactical actions supported broader strategic objectives.

    6. Leading from the front by example.

    7. Maintaining communication with both higher and subordinate elements.

  • The historical context of Ranger often intersects with Rogers Rangers and the start of the Revolutionary War.

  • On the brink of war on June 14, 1775, the Continental Congress passed the following resolution:

    "Resolved, That six companies of expert riflemen [sic], be immediately raised in Pennsylvania, two in Maryland, and two in Virginia; … [and] that each company, as soon as completed [sic], shall march and join the army near Boston, to be there employed as light infantry, under the command of the chief Officer in that army."

    With this resolution, the Continental Congress adopted the New England Army of Observation, making it a “continental” army — a united colonial fighting force — that could represent all 13 colonies with the addition of the troops from the three middle colonies. The Continental Army thus became America’s first national institution.

    From these beginnings of the Continental Army, a group of expert riflemen composed of hardy frontiersmen were formed in 1777 into an organization George Washington referred to as The Corps of Rangers.

    The Army has stood as a symbol of strength, resilience, and selfless service. From the Revolutionary War to present-day operations, we celebrate the incredible legacy of the United States Army and honor the members who have served and continue to serve our nation.

  • The Declaration of Independence was formally adopted in 1776 by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, at the Pennsylvania State House (later renamed Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, marking the official separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain. This historic act was the culmination of growing tensions between the colonies and King George III, including protests against taxation without representation and other restrictive British policies. 

  • The Purple Heart was established by George Washington on August 7, 1782, as the "Badge of Military Merit," making it the oldest active military award in the United States.

    The 75th Ranger Regiment has been awarded over 600 Purple Hearts, 2,000 Bronze Star Medals, and 49 Silver Star Medals.

  • In January 1812, six companies of Rangers were raised to protect frontier settlers. General Andrew Jackson, himself, raised a Ranger company in 1818. In 1832, a mounted Ranger battalion was formed as a show of force against the Indians. Also during the 1830s, the Texas Rangers were established and employed along the Texas frontier.  Eventually more than twenty Ranger companies would be serving in Texas during the 1850s. And, though General Zachary Taylor held a poor opinion of Ranger units, he found them to be vital as scouts during the Mexican War.

WORLD WAR II

  • The date is the official birthday of the United States K9 Corps in 1942, and a day to honor their service.  National K-9 Veterans Day is celebrated annually on March 13th to honor the service and sacrifice of military and working dogs. It marks the official 1942 establishment of the U.S. Army's War Dog Program (K-9 Corps). These early war dogs, many of them recruited from family pets through organizations like Dogs for Defense, helped with sentry duty, scouting missions, message delivery, and more. Their contributions proved invaluable and laid the foundation for decades of service ahead.This day recognizes dogs that serve in combat, law enforcement, and search-and-rescue to protect human handlers.

    The day was founded by Joe White, a Vietnam War dog handler and trainer, in 1987 to commemorate the dedication of these animals.  Over 4,000 dogs served the US military in Vietnam, and are credited with saving thousands of lives.  Over 350 MWDs were killed in Vietnam.  During the Global War on Terrorism, military working dogs saved countless lives due to their keen sense of smell to detect explosives and enemy personnel.

    More than 30,000 dogs have served in the U.S. military since the K-9 Corps was formally established in 1942. Today, approximately 1,600 military working dogs (MWDs) are actively serving worldwide. These dogs primarily work as explosives or narcotics detectors, with roughly 700 deployed at any given time.  According to records, over 1,000 military dogs have been killed in action since World War II, with the majority serving in Iraq and Afghanistan, a sobering reminder of the risks and sacrifices made by our canine heroes.

    The treatment of military dogs was often harsh, with some being left behind after the war. In fact, only 200 dogs from the 4,000 that served in Vietnam were brought back to the United States  Some military dogs, like Kurt, a Doberman Pinscher, made the ultimate sacrifice during World War II. Kurt is estimated to have saved the lives of 250 Marines on Guam, but sadly, he was mortally wounded in action.

  • In early 1942, Maj. William Darby was tasked with forming an elite unit capable of executing daring, high-risk operations behind enemy lines. With support from Army leadership, he handpicked volunteers from across the military, subjecting them to grueling training. They mastered the basics, marksmanship, hand-to-hand combat, demolitions, and small-unit tactics and all encompassed by grueling physical training, the likes of the US military had never known. It ensured only the toughest and most determined soldiers earned the right to be called Rangers.

    On June 19, 1942, the 1st Ranger Battalion was officially activated in Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland, under Maj. Darby’s command. Just two months later, they proved their mettle in combat during the raid on Dieppe, France when 50 Rangers joined the British Commando’s, in supporting a Canadian Infantry Division. Overall, the mission did not accomplish its major goals, but the mission showcased the Rangers’ skill, resilience, and fearlessness. It solidified their reputation and set the foundation for generations of elite warriors to come. With this raid, the Rangers had the honor of being the first US soldiers to participate in ground combat in Europe during WWII.

  • A day to remember the four U.S. Army chaplains who made the ultimate sacrifice in 1943 when the USAT Dorchester sank during World War II.  It was the evening of 2 February 1943, and the USAT (United States Army Transport) Dorchester was crowded to capacity.  The Dorchester, one of three ships in the SG-19 convoy, was carrying 902 service men, merchant seamen and civilian workers, and was moving steadily across the icy waters from Newfoundland toward an American base in Greenland.

    The Dorchester was only 150 miles from its destination, but the captain ordered the men to sleep in their clothing and keep life jackets on. Many soldiers sleeping deep in the ship’s hold disregarded the order because of the engine’s heat. Others ignored it because the life jackets were uncomfortable.

    On 3 February at 12:55 a.m., a periscope broke the chilly Atlantic waters. Through the cross hairs, an officer aboard the German submarine U-223 spotted the Dorchester.

    The sub approached the convoy on the surface, and after identifying and targeting the ship, he gave orders to fire the torpedoes; a fan of three were fired. The one that hit was decisive–and deadly–striking the starboard side, amidship, far below the water line.

    Captain Danielsen, alerted that the Dorchester was taking water rapidly and sinking, gave the order to abandon ship. In less than 20 minutes, the Dorchester would slip beneath the Atlantic’s icy waters.  Tragically, the hit had knocked out power and radio contact with the three escort ships. The CGC Comanche, however, saw the flash of the explosion. It responded and then rescued 97 survivors. The CGC Escanaba circled the Dorchester, rescuing an additional 132 survivors. The third cutter, CGC Tampa, continued on, escorting the remaining two ships.

    Aboard the Dorchester, panic and chaos had set in. The blast had killed scores of men, and many more were seriously wounded. Others, stunned by the explosion, were groping in the darkness. Those sleeping without clothing rushed topside where they were confronted first by a blast of icy arctic air and then by the knowledge that death awaited.

    Men jumped from the ship into lifeboats, over-crowding them to the point of capsizing, according to eyewitnesses. Other rafts, tossed into the Atlantic, drifted away before soldiers could get in them.

    Through the pandemonium, according to those present, four Army chaplains brought hope in despair and light in darkness. Those chaplains were Lt. George L. Fox, Methodist; Lt. Alexander D. Goode, Jewish; Lt. John P. Washington, Roman Catholic; and Lt. Clark V. Poling, Dutch Reformed.  Quickly and quietly, the four chaplains spread out among the soldiers. There they tried to calm the frightened, tend the wounded and guide the disoriented toward safety.

    “Witnesses of that terrible night remember hearing the four men offer prayers for the dying and encouragement for those who would live,” says Wyatt R. Fox, son of Reverend Fox.

    By this time, most of the men were topside, and the chaplains opened a storage locker and began distributing life jackets. It was then that Engineer Grady Clark witnessed an astonishing sight.  When there were no more lifejackets in the storage room, the chaplains removed theirs and gave them to four frightened young men.

    “It was the finest thing I have seen or hope to see this side of heaven,” said John Ladd, another survivor who saw the chaplains’ selfless act.

    As the ship went down, survivors in nearby rafts could see the four chaplains – arms linked and braced against the slanting deck. Their voices could also be heard offering prayers.

    Of the 902 men aboard the USAT Dorchester, 672 died, leaving 230 survivors. When the news reached American shores, the nation was stunned by the magnitude of the tragedy and heroic conduct of the four chaplains.

    “Valor is a gift,” Carl Sandburg once said. “Those having it never know for sure whether they have it until the test comes.”  That night Reverend Fox, Rabbi Goode, Reverend Poling and Father Washington passed life’s ultimate test, and in doing so, they became an enduring example of extraordinary faith, courage and selflessness.

    The Distinguished Service Cross and Purple Heart were awarded posthumously December 19, 1944, to the next of kin by LTG. Brehon B. Somervell, Commanding General of the Army Service Forces, in a ceremony at the post chapel at Fort Myer, VA.

    A one-time only posthumous Special Medal for Heroism was authorized by Congress and awarded by President Eisenhower on January 18, 1961. Congress attempted to confer the Medal of Honor but was blocked by the stringent requirements that required heroism performed under fire. The special medal was intended to have the same weight and importance as the Medal of Honor.

    The only surviving life jacket from the USAT Dorchester is located at the U.S. Army Chaplain Museum, Ft. Jackson, South Carolina.

    Learn More

  • On 1 April 1943, the original 2nd and 5th Ranger Battalions were formed at Camp Forrest, Tennessee. Both battalions were officially activated in September 1943 and shipped to Great Britain, where they were prepared for Operation Overlord as part of the six Ranger battalions that served in the Second World War.

  • On October 3rd, we remember the legacy of Merrill’s Marauders, established on this date in 1943, an all-volunteer unit named after their commander, Brigadier General Frank D. Merrill. Tasked with grueling missions deep behind enemy lines, they endured long-range jungle warfare in some of the toughest terrain of World War II.

    The cost was staggering. Of the 2,750 men who began the campaign, nearly every soldier was wounded or fell ill. Yet their grit, sacrifice, and determination laid the foundation for what would become the modern-day Rangers.

    For those who want to dive deeper into this incredible story, Gavin Mortimer’s Merrill’s Marauders: The Untold Story of Unit Galahad and the Toughest Special Forces Mission of World War II brings their courage and hardships to life in vivid detail. Visit our Ranger Reading List for that and other books on the history of this one-of-a-kind organization.

  • One of the most iconic moments of D-Day was the daring assault on Pointe du Hoc by elements of the 2nd Ranger Battalion. Situated atop towering cliffs overlooking Omaha Beach, Pointe du Hoc was heavily fortified by German forces and bristled with artillery emplacements that threatened Allied landing craft. Under the cover of naval and aerial bombardment, the Rangers scaled the treacherous cliffs under withering enemy fire, ultimately capturing the strategic position after a fierce and bloody battle.

    In addition to their actions at Pointe du Hoc, the 5th Ranger Bn along with the remainder of the 2nd Rangers played a vital role in leading the way, off of Omaha Beach, one of the most heavily defended sectors of the Normandy coastline. Tasked with clearing obstacles, neutralizing enemy strongpoints, and providing fire support for advancing troops, the Rangers demonstrated unparalleled courage and determination in the face of overwhelming odds. Their bravery and sacrifice helped pave the way for the successful establishment of a beachhead and the eventual liberation of France.

    On June 7, 1944, the crew of the USS Texas (BB-35) provided critical medical treatment to severely wounded U.S. Army Rangers. The 2nd Ranger Battalion, having scaled the cliffs of Pointe du Hoc during the D-Day invasion, was critically short on supplies and pinned down with heavy casualties.

    The rescue and treatment of the Rangers unfolded in a coordinated mission:

    After learning the Rangers were out of ammunition, food, water, and in desperate need of medical care, the USS Texas dispatched two LCVPs (landing craft) loaded with vital supplies.

    When the landing craft returned, they brought back 34 wounded Rangers, along with 27 captured prisoners of war. Some able-bodied Rangers walked aboard, while others were carefully hoisted onto the ship using cranes.

    The ship's entire medical department immediately went to work in the sickbay. They worked continuously for ten straight hours.

    Thanks to the quick and extensive medical care, all but one of the wounded Rangers survived. Staff Sergeant Leon H. Otto, who suffered a severe abdominal wound on the cliffs, tragically died on the ship's operating table.

    By June 8, the recovering wounded Rangers were transferred to a dedicated hospital ship for ongoing care.

  • On April 30, 1945, while Darby was issuing orders for the attack on Trento to cut off a German retreat, an artillery shell burst in the middle of the assembled officers and NCOs, killing Darby and a regimental Sergeant Major, John "Tim" Evans, and wounding several others. "Task Force Darby" continued with their mission. Two days later, on May 2, 1945, all German forces in Italy surrendered.

    Despite his untimely death, COL Darby's legacy as the founder of the U.S. Army Rangers and his contributions to the Allied victory during World War II continue to be remembered and honored by the military community. His leadership and vision played a significant role in developing the Rangers as one of the world's most elite and respected special operations forces.

  • V-E Day: Marking the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany in WWII, ending WWII in Europe.

  • President Truman signs the National Security Act in 1947, creating the Department of Defense.  The U.S. Department of Defense was established in 1947 as a unified military authority under the National Security Act, consolidating the Army, Navy, and newly created Air Force.  The Department of Defence (DoD) was created through the National Security Act of 1947, and signed into law by President Harry S. Truman.  The Act reorganized the U.S. military and intelligence structure following World War II.  Its purpose was to improve coordination and efficiency among the armed services and strengthen national security.  It was initially called the National Military Establishment (NME) and began operations on 18 September 1947, the day after James V. Forrestal was named the first Secretary of Defense.

KOREAN WAR

  • The Korean War began on June 25, 1950, when approximately 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People's Army crossed the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea in the south. This invasion marked the first major military action of the Cold War.  

    Lieutenant Puckett’s Eighth Army Ranger Company during the Korean War

  • The US Army opened the Ranger Training Command in 1950, which began the process of eventually training 17 Ranger Infantry Companies (Airborne).  The first graduates of Ranger training completed the course in November 1950, becoming the 1st Ranger Infantry Company (Airborne).  Four Ranger Infantry Companies (Airborne) formed on 28 October 1950. Soldiers from the 505th Airborne Infantry Regiment and the 82nd Airborne's 80th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion volunteered and, after initially being designated the 4th Ranger Company, became the 2nd Ranger Company — the only all-black Ranger unit in United States history. After the four companies had begun their training, they were joined by the 5th-8th Ranger companies on 20 November 1950. The U.S. Army’s Infantry School formally established the Ranger Department in December 1951, overseeing the first Ranger School class conducted from January–March 1952, lasting 59 days.  In total, eighteen Ranger companies were formed: Eighth Army Raider Company and First through Fifteenth Ranger Infantry Companies (Airborne) and Ranger Infantry Companies A & B.

    During the course of the war, the Rangers patrolled and probed, scouted and destroyed, attacked and ambushed the Communist Chinese and Korean enemy. The 1st Rangers destroyed the 12th North Korean Division headquarters in a daring night raid. The 2nd and 4th Rangers made the first combat airborne assault near Munsan where Life Magazine reported that Allied troops were now patrolling north of the 38th Parallel. Crucially, the 2nd Rangers plugged the gap made by the retreating Allied forces, the 5th Rangers helped stop the Chinese 5th Phase Offensive. To provide manning slots for newly activated Special Forces units, all Ranger companies were inactivated in 1951, beginning with the Eighth Army Ranger Company on 28 March and ending with 6th Ranger Company on 1 December. 

    Crucially, the 2nd Rangers plugged the gap made by the retreating Allied forces, and the 5th Rangers helped stop the Chinese 5th Phase Offensive. To provide manning slots for newly activated Special Forces units, all Ranger companies were inactivated in 1951, beginning with the Eighth Army Ranger Company on 28 March and ending with 6th Ranger Company on 1 December.

    This article in We Are The Mighty is about the 2d Ranger Company.

    Book Suggestion: To Fight with Intrepidity: The Complete History of the U.S. Army Rangers 1622 to Present

  • The 3rd Ranger Infantry Company (Airborne) fought the Battle of Bloody Nose Ridge on 11 April 1951. The company deployed to South Korea on 24 March 1951 and was assigned to the U.S. 3rd Infantry Division for four months, where it was used as a reconnaissance and scouting unit, probing Chinese People’s Volunteer Army positions.

    The company is known for the battle on 11 April, where, on its first mission as part of a tank-infantry task force, it was able to push back the opposing force several hundred meters. Before returning to 3rd Infantry Division lines, the company had killed over 100 Chinese soldiers in the close fight, losing four Rangers killed and eleven wounded.

    It was during this action that the Rangers adopted their new motto, “Die, Bastard, die!” They also picked up the nickname “Cold Steel Third” when the division commander, Major General Robert H. Soule, who was observing the action with other senior officers, was heard to say, “There go my Rangers. They like that cold steel.”

    The company later supported the 3rd Infantry Division at the Battle of the Imjin River.

    An ARSOF History note about the fight: 'Cold Steel Third': The 3rd Ranger Infantry Company

COLD WAR

  • After the original Ranger Battalions were deactivated following World War II, the Vietnam War underscored the need for specialized forces. Responding to this, Chief of Staff of the Army, Gen. Creighton Abrams, directed the activation of the first battalion-size Ranger unit since WWII in the fall of 1973.

    On January 31, 1974, General Order 127 officially established the 1st Ranger Battalion, 75th Infantry. From March through June 1974, rigorous selection and cadre training took place at Fort Benning. On July 1, 1974, the battalion parachuted into Fort Stewart, marking the beginning of a new chapter in Ranger history. By September 1978, they relocated to Hunter Army Airfield, where they remain today.

    If you're interested in a good book, we recommend reading "Forging a Special Operations Force: The US Army Rangers". This book, by Dominic Caraccilo, gives special attention to the establishment of the 1st Ranger Battalion in the post-Vietnam era.

  • The 2nd Ranger Battalion was reactivated on October 1, 1974, in response to the changing nature of warfare and military needs during the Cold War era. This reactivation occurred during a period of military reform and modernization, led by the Chief of Staff of the Army, General Creighton Abrams. He was instrumental in re-establishing the Ranger units, believing that the U.S. Army needed elite, light infantry forces that could conduct rapid, small-unit operations in both conventional and unconventional conflicts.

    2/75 has consistently proven its value in some of the most challenging conflicts and missions, carrying on the proud Ranger legacy that dates to Rogers Rangers. Visit our Ranger Reading List for a few books on the exploits of 2/75.

VIETNAM WAR

  • During the Vietnam War, Rangers once again answered the call to serve. To support U.S. military operations, units known as Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols (LRRPs) were officially sanctioned and deployed. Infantry Companies (LRP) were activated within field forces and division-sized units, while separate brigades established infantry detachments for long-range patrol missions.

    On February 1, 1969, most active LRRP companies and detachments were re-designated as companies of the 75th Infantry Regiment. This reorganization marked the formation of 15 separate Ranger companies, 13 of which served valiantly in Vietnam until their inactivation on August 15, 1972. These missions demanded unparalleled stealth, resilience, and the ability to operate in small, self-sufficient teams under extreme conditions.

    We honor and thank the Rangers, LRRPs, LRPs, Vietnamese Ranger Advisors BDQ, and all who served during this critical and challenging chapter of our nation's history. Your courage and dedication will never be forgotten.

    We honor the Men that served in:

    Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols

    A. V Corps (LRRP)
    B. VII Corps (LRRP)
    C. 9th Inf. Div. (LRRP)
    D. 25th Inf. Div. (LRRP)
    E. 196th Inf. Bde. (LRRP)
    F. 1st Cav. Div. (LRRP)
    G. 1st Inf. Div. (LRRP)
    H. 4th Inf. Div. (LRRP)
    I. 101st Abn. Div., 1st Bde. (LRRP)
    J. 199th Inf. Bde. (LRRP)
    K. 173rd Abn. Bde. (LRRP)
    L. 3rd Inf. Div. (LRRP)

    Long Range Patrol

    A. Co D (LRP) 17th Inf.
    B. Co E (LRP) 20th Inf.
    C. Co E (LRP) 30th Inf.
    D. Co E (LRP) 50th Inf.
    E. Co F (LRP) 50th Inf.
    F. Co E (LRP) 51st Inf.
    G. Co F (LRP) 51st Inf.
    H. Co E (LRP) 52nd Inf.
    I. Co F (LRP) 52nd Inf.
    J. Co C (LRP) 58th Inf.
    K. Co E (LRP) 58th Inf.
    L. Co F (LRP) 58th Inf.
    M. 70th Inf. DET (LRP)
    N. 71st Inf. DET (LRP)
    O. 74th Inf. DET (LRP)
    P. 78th Inf. DET (LRP)
    Q. 79th Inf. DET (LRP)
    R. Co D (LRP) 151st Inf.

    75th Infantry Ranger Companies

    A. Co A (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    B. Co B (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    C. Co C (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    D. Co D (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    E. Co E (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    F. Co F (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    G. Co G (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    H. Co H (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    I. Co I (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    J. Co K (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    K. Co L (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    L. Co M (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    M. Co N (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    N. Co O (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    O. Co P (RANGER) 75th Inf.
    P. Co D (RANGER) 151st Inf.

    Vietnamese Ranger Advisors to the Biệt Động Quân (BDQ).  We honor the Men who served in BDQ.  Here is a link to a short article from ARSOF History about the BDQ.

POST COLD WAR

  • Operation Eagle Claw was an operation designed to rescue 52 American hostages held in Tehran, Iran, during the Iran Hostage Crisis. The operation involved multiple aircraft and stages, including refueling stops in the Iranian desert. During Operation Eagle Claw, three Marines and five Airmen lost their lives in a tragic accident that occurred during the initial staging of the operation.

    Maj Richard L. Bakke*
    Maj Harold L. Lewis Jr.*
    Maj Lyn D. McIntosh
    SSgt Dewey L. Johnson
    Sgt John D. Harvey
    TSgt Joel C. Mayo*
    Capt Charles T. McMillan II
    Capt Halvor D. Sorensen 

    * The three were buried in Arlington National Cemetery in a grave marked by a common headstone in Section 46, Grave 1129-3, located about 25 feet from the Operation Eagle Claw memorial.  The Memorial, dedicated in 1983, commemorates the eight who died trying, and is near the Memorial Amphitheater and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

  • On October 25, 1983, over 600 Rangers from 1/75 and 2/75 jumped into action during Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada. During the early morning, Rangers conducted an airborne assault on Point Salines International Airport (now Maurice Bishop International Airport). Their mission: secure the airfield for incoming U.S. forces, secure the campus at True Blue to help rescue over 600 American medical students from St. George’s University, and attack the PRA base at Calvigny.

    Despite fierce resistance from Cuban and Grenadian forces, Rangers secured key objectives and accomplished their mission, playing a vital role in the overall success of the operation.  

    For a deeper dive into this pivotal moment in Ranger history, explore Urgent Fury: The Battle for Grenada: The Truth Behind the Largest U.S. Military Operation Since Vietnam by Mark Adkin. Find it on our Ranger Reading List.

    Memories from Rangers who took part in Urgent Fury.

  • In June 1984, the 75th Ranger Regiment’s Regimental Reconnaissance Detachment (RRD) was formed. The detachment initially consisted of three six-man teams led by sergeants first class. All members of the RRD were selected from the 1st or 2nd Ranger Battalions and had previously served successfully as platoon sergeants or squad/team leaders. An officer in charge (OIC) and noncommissioned officer in charge (NCOIC) were added in the fall of 1984.

    Over time, and in response to increasing operational demands, the RRD grew to company size. By 2005, the unit, expanded and redesignated as the Regimental Reconnaissance Company (RRC), had become an elite special operations force and a member of the Joint Special Operations Command. In 2006, the RRC was incorporated into the newly formed Regimental Special Troops Battalion.

  • In response to the evolving needs of the U.S. military, the 3rd Ranger Battalion and Regimental Headquarters were activated on October 3, 1984, at Fort Benning, Georgia. The reactivation of the 3rd Battalion, along with the establishment of the 75th Ranger Regiment, was part of a broader effort to create a permanent, cohesive, and rapidly deployable special operations force. Presenting the 3rd Ranger Battalion colors on the field that day was retired Colonel Herman W. Dammer, the original commander of the 3rd Ranger Battalion in WWII. 3/75 has consistently proven its value in some of the most challenging conflicts and missions, carrying on the proud Ranger legacy.

  • Rangers played a critical role from the opening moments of the operation. The entire 75th Ranger Regiment conducted simultaneous nighttime airborne assaults onto two key objectives:  Torrijos–Tocumen International Airport and Rio Hato Airfield. They also attacked General Noriega’s beach house to neutralize Panamanian Defense Forces. These actions enabled the rapid flow of follow-on forces and set the conditions for mission success across Panama. The Rangers captured more than 1,014 prisoners of war and more than 18,000 weapons.

    Operation Just Cause showcased the Regiment’s ability to deploy on short notice, conduct precision airborne operations, and fight decisively against determined resistance. The cost was real. Many were wounded and five were killed in combat.

    PFC James W. Markwell
    SPC Phillip S. Lear
    PFC John M. Price
    SSG Larry Barnard
    PFC Roy D. Brown Jr.

    A good read from our Ranger Reading List: Just Cause: The Real Story of America's High-Tech Invasion of Panama

  • Operation Just Cause in Panama ends 1990.

  • We pay tribute to the extraordinary bravery and selflessness of all Medal of Honor recipients, but especially U.S. Army Rangers who have been awarded the Medal of Honor, our nation's highest military honor.

    SFC Christopher A. Celiz: July 12, 2018

    SSG Leroy A. Petry: May 26, 2008

    SFC Gary L. Littrell: April 4-8, 1970

    SSG Robert J. Pruden: November 20, 1969

    SP4 Robert D. Law: February 22, 1969

    SSG Laszlo Rabel: November 13, 1968

    1LT Ralph Puckett, Jr.: November 25-26, 1950

    1LT Jack L. Knight: February 2, 1945

    Their acts of valor inspire us all and remind us of the true meaning of courage and sacrifice. Learn more about all Army Special Operations soldiers who earned the Medal of Honor while serving in SOF units.

  • Operation Desert Shield became Operation Desert Storm in 1991.

  • (Bravo Company and 1st Platoon, Alpha Company) deployed to Saudi Arabia from 12 February to 15 April 1991, during Operation Desert Storm. They provided specialized support to a SMU which was SCUD hunting prior to and after the start of the air and ground war (on 24 March), and acted as a quick reaction force and conducting reconnaissance.

  • The air and ground war of Operation Desert Storm lasted 100 hours, and ran from 24 - 28 February 1991.

  • Elements of the 1st Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment (now the 1st Ranger Battalion) concluded their deployment in Saudi Arabia for Operation Desert Storm on this date in 1991.

  • On 8 December 1991, members of the 1st Ranger Battalion and the Regimental Headquarters took part in a tactical show-of-force known asOperation Iris Gold.  This operation included a daylight combat jump into Ali Al Salem Airfield, Kuwait, followed by a live-fire exercise to deter further aggression from Iraq.  They also conducted a 50 km (31 mi) foot march through the devastation (including mine fields) left from the ground campaign, conducted a live fire exercise, and left on foot.

    This video was posted by MAJ(R )Karl Monger (then <1>, now of GallantFew).  He notes, “On December 8 1991 the 1st Ranger Battalion parachuted onto the wreckage of Ali Al Salem airfield.  1/75 took off from Hunter Army Airfield, Savannah Georgia and stopped briefly at a USAF base in Spain, then conducted in-flight refueling before flying the Iraqi border.  During briefings we were told the aircraft would have fuel for only one pass.  First two passes, we were told by the jumpmasters "winds are 32 knots!".  The third pass winds miraculously dropped to "10 knots".  Yeah right.  Of the nearly 500 Rangers that jumped over forty had to be medically evacuated from the dropzone.

    The battalion conducted a long overnight infiltration through minefield cleared lanes, received airdropped supplies, again infiltrated and conducted a "show of force" live fire exercise near the Iraq border.  Following the show of force the battalion road marched to a link up point where it was extracted by vehicles.  For the operation the battalion received the Southwest Asia Service Medal with bronze campaign star and authorization for right Shoulder Sleeve Insignia - Former Wartime Service (SSI-FWTS).”

    MAJ(R) Karl Monger also posted Iris Gold Video 2.

  • Operation Gothic Serpent was conducted from 22 August - 13 October 1993, with Task Force Ranger withdrawing on 20 October 1993, and the remainder of U.S forces withdrawing on 3 March 1994.

    Operation Gothic Serpent was a mission in Mogadishu, Somalia, aimed at capturing warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid and restoring stability to the region. The operation is most remembered for the Battle of Mogadishu on October 3-4, 1993.

    While the mission to capture Aidid’s senior leaders was successful, it came at a heavy cost. The battle became one of the most intense modern military engagements for American forces and claimed the lives of 19 U.S. warriors.

    We honor their sacrifice and remember their courage. To read the full story and view the names of the fallen, visit our Virtual Mog Mile.

  • On November 24, 2000, the Regimental Reconnaissance Detachment deployed with a command-and-control element to Kosovo for Task Force Falcon, so named to complement Task Force Eagle, the name for the NATO peacekeeping force in Bosnia, and initially included around 3,500 United States troops.

POST 9/11

  • During Operation Rhino, approximately 200 Rangers from the 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment participated in the nighttime airborne assault onto Objective Rhino. This force was tasked with securing an airfield southwest of Kandahar, Afghanistan, as part of the larger Task Force Sword mission to disrupt Taliban and Al-Qaeda operations in the region. Rangers parachuted into the desert under the cover of darkness, secured the airfield, and established a forward operating base, allowing for future operations deeper into Taliban-controlled areas. The operation was highly successful. The Rangers struck one of the first blows in the Global War on Terror!

    Operation Rhino supported the raids on the compounds of Mullah Omar, by an Army Special Mission unit. The Operation resulted in the deaths of two Rangers during the MH-60L CSAR crash in Objective Honda in Pakistan – Never forgotten, SPC Kristofor Stonesifer and SPC Jonn Edmunds.

  • Recognizes the first official Army parachute jump of 14 August 1940.  The history of airborne forces began after World War I, when Brigadier General William Mitchell first conceived the idea of parachuting troops into combat. During World War II, airborne tactics were critical to the success of important missions including the D-Day invasion and the Battle of the Bulge. The day was designated by the United States Congress to honor the nation's airborne forces. It was created in 2002 by George W. Bush.  On August 3, 2009 the Senate recognized National Airborne Day with Senate Resolution 235.

    On August 14, 2002 President George W. Bush issued the following proclamation:

    “The history of airborne forces began after World War I, when Brigadier General William Mitchell first conceived the idea of parachuting troops into combat. Eventually, under the leadership of Major William Lee at Fort Benning, Georgia, members of the Parachute Test Platoon pioneered methods of combat jumping in 1940. In November 1942, members of the 2nd Battalion, 509th Parachute Infantry Regiment, conducted America's first combat jump, leaping from a C-47 aircraft behind enemy lines in North Africa. This strategy revolutionized combat and established airborne forces as a key component of our military.

    During World War II, airborne tactics were critical to the success of important missions, including the D-Day invasion at Normandy, the Battle of the Bulge, the invasion of Southern France, and many others. In Korea and Vietnam, airborne soldiers played a critical combat role, as well as in later conflicts and peacekeeping operations, including Panama, Grenada, Desert Storm, Haiti, Somalia, and the Balkans. Most recently, airborne forces were vital to liberating the people of Afghanistan from the repressive and violent Taliban regime; and these soldiers continue to serve proudly around the world in the global coalition against terrorism.

    The elite airborne ranks include prestigious groups such as the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team, "Sky Soldiers," 82nd Airborne Division, "All American," and the "Screaming Eagles" of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault). Airborne forces have also been represented in the former 11th, 13th, and 17th Airborne Divisions and numerous other Airborne, glider and air assault units and regiments. Paratroopers in the Army's XVIII Airborne Corps, the 75th Infantry (Ranger) Regiment and other Special Forces units conduct swift and effective operations in defense of peace and freedom.

    Airborne combat continues to be driven by the bravery and daring spirit of sky soldiers. Often called into action with little notice, these forces have earned an enduring reputation for dedication, excellence, and honor. As we face the challenges of a new era, I encourage all people to recognize the contributions of these courageous soldiers to our Nation and the world.

    Now, therefore, I, George W. Bush, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim August 16, 2002, as National Airborne Day. As we commemorate the first official Army parachute jump on August 16, 1940, I encourage all Americans to join me in honoring the thousands of soldiers, past and present, who have served in an airborne capacity. I call upon all citizens to observe this day with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities.

    In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord two thousand two, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-seventh.

    Signed, George W. Bush

  • On 24 March 2003, the 3rd Ranger Battalion, initially augmented by snipers and reconnaissance elements from C Squadron, 1st SFOD-D, attacked Haditha Dam in northern Iraq (code-named Objective Lynx) by conducting an airborne assault onto the nearby H1 airfield (code-named Objective Serpent) to set conditions for follow-on forces, and then launched their ground assault on the fortified dam. They were joined by elements of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (two AH-6 and one MH-6 Little Birds, as well as their support elements). Haditha Dam is a key and strategic part of Iraq’s infrastructure, providing one-third of Iraq’s electrical power. The task force attacked, held, and seized the dam against repeated and concentrated artillery and armored attacks by the Republican Guard and Fedayeen for over six days, until 1 April 2003, when they were relieved. At times, the Little Birds were firing well within danger-close ranges to protect the Rangers (at times as close as 12 meters). In just one day, the Little Birds alone expended 231 rockets, 66,000 rounds of 7.62mm minigun ammunition, and 8,000 rounds of .50-caliber ammunition.

    On 3 April 2003, Rangers SSG Nino Livaudais, SPC Ryan Long, and CPT Russell Rippetoe were killed by a VBIED detonated by a suicide bomber who used a pregnant woman as a distraction at the Ranger blocking position near the dam. When the bomb detonated, it killed the three Rangers, the pregnant decoy, her unborn child, and the bomber.

    During the battle, Rangers earned Purple Heart Medals, four Silver Star Medals, 26 Bronze Star Medals, and 71 Army Commendation Medals. Two of the Silver Star Medals were for actions on 30 March 2003.

    One was awarded to the 3rd Ranger Battalion Command Sergeant Major, Greg Birch. The citation reads:

    The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1918 (amended by an Act of July 25, 1963), takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Command Sergeant Major Alfred G. Birch, United States Army, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in connection with military operations against an armed hostile force while serving in support of Operation IRAQI FREEDOM in Iraq on 31 March 2003. Throughout the battle, Command Sergeant Major Birch continuously walked in the open despite enemy fire, instilling confidence in the youngest Soldiers. He also provided advice and recommendations to operational leaders. Command Sergeant Major Birch’s courage, gallantry under fire, and professional competence contributed directly to the mission’s success. His gallant actions and dedicated devotion to duty, without regard for his own life, were in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army.

    News reports about the battle:

    US Special Operators Held Off Iraqi Forces at Battle of Haditha Dam - Business Insider

    The Haditha Dam Seizure - The Target | Defense Media Network

    The Haditha Dam Seizure: The Taking of Objective Cobalt | Defense Media Network

  • On this date in 2005, the effort began to rescue a 4-man SEAL element that had been compromised during Operation Red Wings, a three-week long intelligence gathering operation in June 2005.  Part of the story is featured in the movie, “Lone Survivor.” 

    On 28 June 2005, the 4-man SEAL reconnaissance element was compromised by shepherds and then quickly engaged by enemy fighters.  A rescue attempt was authorized.  Members of SEAL Team 10, U.S. Marines, and aviators of B Company, 3rd Battalion, 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (SOAR), boarded two MH-47Ds, two conventional UH-60s, and two AH-64 Apaches.

    On arrival at the target area, the lead aircraft, an MH-47D named Turbine 33 (S/N 89-00146), was hit by an RPG-7 below the rear rotor assembly, causing the aircraft to crash, killing all 16 aboard: eight 160th SOAR aviators and crew, and eight SEAL Team 10 passengers.  Counting the three SEALs from the recon element, 19 men died that day. 

    Over the following week, a task force consisting of Special Forces ODA 362, several USAF CCT and USN SEALs, and two platoons of Rangers from the 2d Ranger Battalion, began an overland movement to secure the crash site and recover all the bodies.  From 1 – 3 July, the Rangers secured the last of the fallen from RW and RWII, and located and evacuated Marcus Luttrell, who was in the care of Mohammad Gulab, a local village elder who found Luttrell.

    Luttrell was rescued on July 2 by Army Rangers and Afghan National Army soldiers in the woods when Gulab and several villagers were trying to get Luttrell to a safe location.

    Killed in the ground fight

    LT Michael P. Murphy 29
    SO2 Matthew Axelson 29
    SO2 Danny Dietz 25

    Killed in the helo crash:

    SEAL Team 10:

    SOC Jaques J. Fontan 36 
    SOCS Daniel R. Healy 36 
    LCDR Erik S. Kristensen 33
    SO1 Jeffery A. Lucas 33
    LT Michael M. McGreevy, Jr. 30
    SO2 James E. Suh 28 
    SO1 Jeffrey S. Taylor 30
    SO2 Shane E. Patton 22

    Turbine 33, MH-47D, 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment:

    SSG Shamus O. Goare 29 
    CW3 Corey J. Goodnature 35 
    SGT Kip A. Jacoby 21 
    SFC Marcus V. Muralles 33 
    MSG James W. Ponder III 36 
    MAJ Stephen C. Reich 34  
    SFC Michael L. Russell 31 
    CW4 Chris J. Scherkenbach 40

  • The 75th Ranger Regiment created a Regimental Special Troops Battalion (RSTB) to help switch from short-term "contingency missions" to continuous combat operations. Activated on 17 July 2006, the RSTB conducts sustainment, intelligence, reconnaissance and maintenance missions that were previously accomplished by small detachments assigned to the Regimental Headquarters and then attached within each of the three Ranger battalions. The battalion initially consisted of the Ranger Reconnaissance Company, the Ranger Communications Company (RCC), the Ranger Military Intelligence Company (RMIC), and the Ranger Selection and Training Company (RST&C). The RSTB drew its lineage from Company N, 75th Infantry Regiment (back to Merrill's Marauders) and Company B, 1st Ranger Battalion.

  • In October 2007, D Company, another line company, was added to each of the three battalions of the 75th Ranger Regiment.

  • The 75th Regimental Special Troops Battalion (RSTB) was provisionally activated on July 17, 2006, and officially activated on October 16, 2007, as a response to the demands of the War on Terror and the changing nature of Ranger operations. The RSTB ensures that Rangers have the critical infrastructure to succeed in today’s multidimensional combat scenarios, where intelligence and logistical support are as important as combat skills. Every Ranger starts at RSTB. RSTB has consistently proven its value in some of the most challenging conflicts and missions.

  • The U.S. House of Representatives passed H Res. 855, a stand-alone resolution, on April 21, 2010, designating May 1 as Silver Star Service Banner Day. Since 1818, the military awarded the Citation Star for "Gallantry in Action." The Silver Star Medal replaced the Citation Star and first officially awarded it in 1942. Military personnel receive the Silver Star Medal for specific actions in combat. The military has awarded between 100,000 and 150,000 Silver Star Medals.

    Silver Star Service Banner Day is a time to recognize those awarded the Silver Star Medal and remember the sacrifices of our wounded and ill veterans. At least 49 Rangers have been awarded this honorable decoration for specific actions during combat.

  • On May 22, 2017, the Ranger Regiment Military Intelligence Battalion was established to specialize in intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, cyber, and electronic warfare operations. Based at Fort Benning, it consists of the Military Intelligence Company (MICO), Cyber Electro Magnetic Activities company (CEMA), and Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC). It drew its lineage from Company P, 75th Infantry (back to Merrill's Marauders) and Company B, 2nd Ranger Infantry Battalion.

  • Kayla Mueller was a 26-year-old aid worker from Prescott, Arizona. In August 2013, after leaving a Doctors Without Borders hospital in Aleppo, Syria, she was kidnapped by ISIS. U.S. intelligence and later reporting confirmed that Kayla was abused, tortured, and repeatedly raped by ISIS leadership, including Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. ISIS publicly beheaded more than 300 people under Baghdadi, committed genocidal killings of the Yazidi population, and killed thousands of captured prisoners of war.  Kayla defied her ISIS captors by refusing to convert to Islam and even turned down an opportunity to escape to help save Yazidi sex slaves. In early 2015, ISIS announced she was dead and blamed airstrikes. The truth was simple; they had killed her.  On October 26, 2019, Rangers, CAG and the 160th SOAR conducted an air assault raid into an isolated compound and killed ISIL leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. The units involved were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for their audacity and courage.

    President Donald J. Trump has announced that the leader of ISIS has been brought to justice and is dead following a successful United States operation.

  • The United States officially completed its withdrawal from Afghanistan on August 30, 2021, ending a 20-year war. The final, chaotic evacuation saw over 124,000 civilians airlifted from Kabul, but left behind some allies and Americans, and was marred by a terrorist attack on 26 August 2021 that killed 13 U.S. service members (11 Marines, 1 Soldier, 1 Navy Corpsman).  U.S. Central Command head Gen. Frank McKenzie said the last C-17 Globemaster III took off minutes before midnight Kabul time -- the beginning of Aug. 31, which was the United States' deadline for withdrawal. For the first time since late 2001, weeks after the Sept. 11 attacks, there were no U.S. service members in Afghanistan. The Taliban swiftly seized control of the country following the withdrawal.